2nd punic war

Now for the first time the two sides met. Before the Second Punic War slaves were employed on a relatively small scale. Only after Hasdrubal had deployed his own troops did he realise that the Roman deployment had changed. Over the winter of 216-215 he captured Casilinum, making Capua less vulnerable to Roman assault, and in 212 he captured the city of Tarentum. Hanno was captured, as was Indibilis, a Spanish leader who was to play a major part in the war. After seventeen years, the war was over. Marcellus's assault on the city was a predictable failure, and he decided to split the Roman forces. During march Hannibal himself lost an eye, but Hannibal with army managed to go around the fortified positions of the Romans. The city was robbed, and enormous loot was taken out of the city. At the Trebia he had managed to choice both the time and place of battle, and with an unorthodox plan was able to defeat a larger Roman force. Gaius Flaminius Nepos then decided to follow Hannibal without waiting for more army. These commanders were Sempronius, at the Trebbia River, Flaminius, at Lake Trasimene, Paullus, at Cannae, and Scipio, at Zama. This chronology includes references to some of the other fronts on which Rome was fighting at the same time and the importation of the stone Great Mother from Asia Minor that Rome brought home to help her reverse the trend and win the war. The Ebro Treaty is what ended the Second Punic War. Democratic groups won in this battle. In the Second Punic War, various Roman commanders faced Hannibal, leader of the forces of Carthaginians, their allies, and mercenaries.Four major Roman commanders made a name for themselves in the following main battles of the second Punic War. The Numidians remained loyal to Muttines, and when the Romans arrived at the city, opened one of the city gates and let them in. 264 to 241 bc First Punic War; 218 to 202 bc Second Punic War; 149 to 146 bc Third Punic War; Carthage. The Second Punic War (Spring 218 to 201 BC), also referred to as The Hannibalic War and by the Romans the War Against Hannibal, was the second of three wars between Carthage and the Roman Republic, with the participation of Greek polities and Numidian and Iberian forces on both sides. At the end of 203 BC, the Punic position was grim. Once the Romans were in place at the other end of the defile, Hannibal marched his troops back around the hills, where by daybreak they were in place on the reverse side of the hills, hidden to the Romans, who marched straight into the trap. Hannibal decided to move further to the south where he destroyed everything around him. Punic survival was to rest on a battle between the two greatest commanders of the war. The increased brutality of the Roman campaign forced Carthage to order Hannibal to attack. For several days, Senate deliberated on the situation. In early 215 an attempt was made by Hasdrubal to lead another army along the land route to Italy, but this was defeated at the battle of Ibera. Fought between the 3rd century BC and the 2nd century BC during the height of the Hellenistic Period, the Punic Wars saw the clash between the two superpowers of the … Although this new Punic army outnumbered the Roman force, Scipio was willing to offer battle. In 208-7, Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal followed in his footsteps, crossing from Spain to Italy with a new army, causing a panic in Rome. See Second Punic War Battles. Meanwhile, Hannibal was now faced with the task that has most firmly lodged in the imagination of the western world, the crossing of the Alps, complete with elephants. After that, Hannibal decided to move towards the Adriatic Sea in order to provide himself a broken connection with Carthage. Publius and Cnaeus Scipio decided to launch an major offensive in 211 BC. He entered into an alliance with the Gauls shortly after the Romans conquered them. An Imperial power had been born. They were also to pay an indemnity of 10,000 silver talents over a fifty year period, support Scipio's army until the peace was confirmed, and reduced their fleet to a mere ten ships. Northern areas of the land were invaded by the Celts, which was partly mixed with the Iberians tribes. They decided to surrender under conditions of free retreat. The first and second Punic wars (264–241 bce and 218–201 bce) had effectively deprived Carthage of its political power. Naturally, Hannibal could not know this. The Celtic and Spanish infantry were position slightly ahead of the rest of the army. 2nd Punic Victory poses the question of what would have happened had Carthage emerged from the 2nd Punic wars stronger rather than weaker. Most of the leadership in Cartha… A map illustrating the campaigns of the Second Punic War (218-201 BCE). Meanwhile, the army sent with Masinissa had defeated his rivals. Only two decades after one of the most costly wars of antiquity, Rome and Carthage were once again at war. - Contact Us - Search - Recent - About Us -  Subscribe in a reader - Join our Google Group If it had come to a trial of military strength in front of the walls of Rome, the odds were against Hannibal. The Second Punic War. 1. Battle of Capua (211 BC) Second Battle of CapuaPart of the Second Punic WarBattles second punic war.pngDate211 BCLocationCapua, present ItalyResultcapture of Capua by the RomansBelligerentsCarthage, CapuaRoman RepublicCommanders and leadersHannibal, Bostar, Hanno, son of BomilcarQuintus Fulvius Flaccus, Appius Claudius Pulcher The Second Punic War (aka The Hannibalic War) was fought between Carthage and Rome between 218 and 201 BCE. In this 60 Second History, we look at the Second Punic War - one of the most famous conflicts of the ancient world. Hannibal launched an attack on the Roman lines, timed to coincide with a similar attack from Capua, but the attacks were repulsed. While this war was a lot shorter than the First Punic War, it is most well known for the Carthage leader Hannibal who caused massive damage to the Romans. This was reflected in the Roman politics. During the next 50 years Carthage had to pay a contribution of 10.000 talents, and it lost an entire navy (except 10 guard vessels). Hannibal hoped to provoke Fabius into an attack, but he was not to be shifted from his plan, and simply watched Hannibal ravage the area from the safety of the surrounding mountains. The city was captured at the end of 219, and Hannibal sent his troops into winter quarters. Publius was the first to be defeated. At first, the Romans had a success, they occupied Sagunto, but in 211 BC, both Scipio’s brothers were defeated and killed by Carthaginians. The Romans tried to defend themselves by forming a circle, but they could not resist Hannibal’s army, which broke their line of defence – general extermination. Hannibal's plan relied on his gaining support amongst the Gauls, and he could thus not back down from this first Roman threat, while Scipio acted as all Roman generals of the time did, secure in his belief that his troops were superior. It led not only to the outside but also to a number of internal changes. Instead, Hannibal launched one of the most audacious attacks in history. Romans began to see them as their vassals, such measures found support of the municipal aristocracy. Punic Wars. In the Senate, a conservative group of Fabius Maximus Cunctator still played a major role. Furious at Hannibal’s audacity, the Romans demanded that he be handed over for punishment. Then Hannibal returned to Apulia, where he wintered 217 – 216 BC. His faith in his troops was justified at the Battle of the Great Plains (203 BC). The main part of the population of the Carthaginian colonies in Spain was the Iberian tribes. However, Gallic tribes have failed to prevent him to cross river Rhône. Once the Gauls were in place to oppose his landing, the detachment already across the river attacked the Gallic camp, causing a panic which broke the Gallic army, and allowed Hannibal to get the rest of his army over the river. Despite their defeats, and the defections, Rome could still field far larger armies than Hannibal, and could replace losses much more easily. This confidence was probably aided by the 20,000 Celtiberian allies with the Roman armies. Battles. Hannibal’s plan was to unite with brother’s army, but his brother Hasdrubal Barca was defeated in 207 BC at the river Metaurus where he was killed. Eventually, Scipio had his army, probably 25,000-30,000 strong, ready for the invasion. The last real threat to Rome was over. However, the Roman garrison managed to retain the citadel, which reduced the usefulness of the port, and no reinforcements came. One contingent was sent into Numidea to restore Masinissa to power while the rest under Scipio marched towards Carthage herself. This visible sign of Roman weakness encouraged many Gauls to join Hannibal, some deserting from Scipio's army, as would each of Hannibal's series of great victories. - Cookies. When Romans demand was rejected by Punic, this was a trigger for war. Naval Battles. He chose to return over the same pass he had used to enter the area, a move that was anticipated by Fabius, who blocked the pass. To guard against this, one consul, Servilius Geminus was sent to the east coast, the other, Caius Flaminius to guard the passes, each with a normal consular army. The next, gloomy morning, when the Roman army broke out, without expecting that anything will happen, the Roman army was attacked from all sides. He stripped out the elderly and unfit from the garrison and replaced them with these new troops. The commander north of the Ebro, Hanno, faced the Romans with only 11,000 men. Background; Hannibal takes the initiative (218–213 BC) Hannibal's Overland Journey; First Roman expedition to Iberia The siege had to be abandoned, while the messages were intercepted. See more ideas about punic wars, ancient warfare, ancient warriors. His plan was to march the largest army he could muster through northern Spain, along the south coast of France, through the alps, and into northern Italy, where he hoped to raise new allies from amongst the Gallic tribes recently repressed by Rome. Control of finances allowed the payment of contributions, without burdening the citizens by excessive taxes – a discontent of oligarchic party and the Romans suspiciousness. In Apulia, Hannibal stayed a bit so that his troops can rest. Otherwise, Rome was generally on the offensive in Spain, but only slow progress was made. Hannibal's plan relied on the fighting ability of his men. The Second Punic War was often known as Hannibal’s War in Rome.It was in a real sense the personal war of Hannibal. The loss of their last major base ended Carthage's interest in Sicily. However, after his death, nobility had to recognise Scipio’s authority, which was named because of his victories an African. When he did arrive before the city in 211 BC, there was never any danger that he could take the city, or force a settlement, but by then Roman fortunes had recovered. Hasdrubal Barca negotiated with his Celtiberian allies, who agreed to leave the battlefield. Gaius Flaminius defeat contributed to strengthening of the aristocratic party. The war was fought entirely within Carthaginian territory, in modern northern Tunisia. In 211 BC Rome signed an alliance with the Aetolian league, one of the stronger powers in Greece, and Philip found himself under attack from several sides at once. With an army exhausted by the fighting, Hannibal's decision not to risk a rapid cross-country march is more understandable. Assembly made a special decision to grant of imperium to the young Publius Cornelius Scipio and he was named proconsul (governor). However, with their main army destroyed, it was the impact on Roman morale that would have been important. Minucius quickly managed to get his half of the army into serious danger, only to be rescued by Fabius. It was in a real sense the personal war of Hannibal. For some time Hannibal still appeared to be on the brink of success. This victory was important for several reasons. Everything suggests that he was intent on war with Rome from the moment he came to power, a cause he probably inherited from his father (considered by Polybius to be one of the main causes of the second war). In Ariminum (todays Rimini) and Arettium (todays Arezzo) were concentrated Roman troops, whose task was to prevent Hannibal’s crossing over the Apennine Mountains, but Hannibal decided to cross through swampy lowlands of the river Arno. Hasdrubal Barca, the overall Punic commander in Spain, led a small army in a quick raid against the Roman fleet, which caught out some Roman detachments, but was too small to remain safely north of the Ebro, and Hasdrubal retreated south, leaving Rome with a secure base in northern Spain. Marcellus chanced across a Syracusan army which had broken out from Syracuse, marching to join with the Carthaginians, and was able to destroy it, before retreating back to Syracuse, closely followed by the Carthaginian force. The resulting battle of Lake Trasimene (21 June 217 BC) was a crushing defeat for the Romans. Finally, the rest of the city fell. His force joined with that of the injured Scipio and the Romans once again prepared to attack. The war was begun by Philip V of Macedonia, who was worried about Roman expansion in Illyria, on his western border. This new army moved east along the south coast of Sicily, occupying Agrigentum. In 221 BC, Hasdrubal the Fair was killed and Hannibal Barca took over his place (Hamilcar’s son) which at that time was 25 years old. Marcus Claudius Marcellus was sent to Sicily and in 213 BC, he besieged Syracuse. Both sides now advanced towards each other along the River Po, both obviously intending to give battle. Although Rome did nothing to help Saguntum, she did sent a delegation to Carthage over the winter. However, Hannibal soon after that destroy Marcus Minucius army, and only the help of Fabius Maximus saved him from a total collapse. The Romans guarding the pass saw the lights, and chased off after the oxen, allowing Hannibal and his main army to slip through the pass unopposed. Although he had not attacked Scipio, Hannibal had spent the forty days productively, securing new supplied, and scouting out the area where any battle would take place. Three days after leaving Sicily, the army landed at Cap Farina, near the city of Utica. An army somewhere between 55,000 and 74,000 strong, led by Hasdrubal Gisgo, moved into a position that made it clear he wanted battle. These changes in the Roman economics and social order were particularly clearly demonstrated in mid-second century. Hannibal was able to hold back his attack until almost the entire Roman army was stuck in the trap, only attacking when the front of the Roman column encountered his troops at the exit from the defile. Hasdrubal chose diplomatic, rather than military, solutions to conflict with Rome but was assassinated by a servant in 221 BCE and command then went to Hannibal Barca (l. 247-183 BCE, Hamilcar's oldest son). Cnaeus also soon came to grief. This weakness may explain the Carthaginian reaction. This was the second major war between Carthage and the Roman Republic, with the crucial participation of Numidian-Berber armies and tribes on both sides. The war was now over. It prevented Carthage from using Sicily as a base to reinforce Hannibal in Italy. The strategy of the Romans was such that the war was being waged on the opponent’s territory, and in that purpose one army landed in Africa and the other army in Spain. This gained him a period of quiet, before individual tribesman started to attack the column. Nevertheless, its commercial enterprises expanded rapidly in the 2nd century bce, exciting the envy of Rome’s growing mercantile community. The years immediately after the war saw Rome gain control over large areas of Greece and defeat the successors to Alexander the Great. One part of the Romans had been killed and the other part of the army cavalry thrown into the lake. Battle of Lilybaeum – A Roman fleet of 20 quinqueremes defeated a Carthaginian fleet of 35 galleys. The Roman army around Syracuse was also reinforced, while the Carthaginian army soon headed away into the interior in an attempt to reduce the number of Roman allies. In 195 BC, Hannibal had to run away from Carthage. See Ebro Treaty. Scipio started the year with another victory, this time over the army of Hasdrubal Barca at the battle of Baecula. However, this plan had to be abandoned when Carthage responded to the opportunity presented by sending a army 28,000 strong to Sicily. The Second Punic War (also called the Second Carthaginian War) was the second of three conflicts, known collectively as “The Punic Wars,” fought between the ancient powers of Rome and Carthage — a powerful city and imperial entity located across the Mediterranean from Southern Italy in modern-day Tunisia. By then, the Roman and Latin cavalry had been defeated, and the Legions were surrounded. Battle of Ticinus Battle of TicinusPart of the Second Punic WarBattles second punic war.pngDateNovember, 218 BCLocationRight bank of lower Ticino River, present-day ItalyResultCarthaginian victoryBelligerentsCarthage standard.svg CarthageSpqrstone.jpg Roman RepublicCommanders and leadersHannibalPublius Cornelius Scipio … The Apennine mountains which divide Italy forced him to either move down the east coast into Picenum, or cross the Appenine passes into Etruria in the west. According to this contract, the Carthaginians were pledged not to cross the Ebro river for military purposes (undoubtedly, this was more favorable to Carthage). Its advantages were found in inexhaustibility of the reserves and in the army number. Near Aecae, Fabius with a new 40,000 strong Roman army came back into contact with Hannibal, but this time he was determined not to offer battle. The Punic Wars were a series of wars between the Carthaginians and the Roman Republic that would catalyze the growth of the Roman territorial holdings as well as shape the ancient world for centuries to come. While his campaign in southern Italy continued with some success, elsewhere the war had turned decisively against Carthage. The centre of their line contained 55,000 heavy infantry, along with 15,000 velites. A map illustrating the campaigns of the Second Punic War (218-201 BCE). Why was there a Second Punic War? However there is some uncertainty about Hasdrubal's intentions here. Second Punic War Battles > Battle of Ticinus. The Second Punic War took place in the years 218-201 BCE between Carthage and Rome. The Second Punic War was often known as Hannibal’s War in Rome. In 201 BC, a peace was concluded. The resulting battle of Zama (202 BC) saw Hannibal finally defeated in battle. Fabius now embarked on the strategy that he is most famous for. He also had to prepare his army for battle - the war in Sicily had not seen great set piece battles. In the centre of the Celts, Hannibal deployed its troops in a crescent-shaped, and on the sides of the city were selected Carthaginian infantry and cavalry. Hannibal just had to cross the Pyrenees and the Alps, which up until then no one has ever done against so many hostile armies. This attack apparently persuaded the Gallic chieftains that continued attacks were not worth the risk, and they offered a truce. At night, he gathered together all the oxen captured by his army, tied burning torches to their horns, and drove them along a ridge near the pass. Scipio chose to split his force. Number of the rebels increased so much that it doubled the number of the Hannibal’s army. Faced with a two consul army, Hasdrubal attempted a retreat, but got lost and was caught by the Romans pinned against the River Metaurus. However, Flaminius actions were well known to Hannibal who had well-organized scouts. The war was begun by Philip V of Macedonia, who was worried about Roman expansion in Illyria, on his western border. Hearing that a force of Spanish allies were heading towards the Punic army, he decided to intercept it. This soon left Hannibal with the problem of how to escape from the area. Second Punic War (218-201 BC) The Second Punic War, also referred to as The Hannibalic War and (by the Romans) the War Against Hannibal, lasted from 218 to 201 BC and involved combatants in the western and eastern Mediterranean. Instead, his plan was to shadow Hannibal, never giving him a chance for another battle, but snipping away at Punic foragers and restricting the freedom of Hannibal and his men to plunder the areas they passed through. When a tribe allied to Carthage started to raid Saguntum's territory, Hannibal sided with the allied tribe, and despite a direct warning from the Romans not to, attacked Saguntum (Spring 219 BC). In Rome, this caused fights between various political groups. Hannibal was also weakened by losses and he tried to take advantage of the Roman defeat in the diplomatic purposes. In a dramatic scene in the Carthaginian senate, the leader of the Roman delegation declared war. Hasdrubal was forced to flee to North Africa, Mago to Gades. The main legacy of the war was a great bitterness in Rome toward Philip, who they saw as attacking them during at their lowest ebb, which quickly led to the Second Macedonian War. Although the Second Punic War spread to Greece, the fighting there, known as the First Macedonian War (215-205 BC) was something of a side issue, and involved almost no Punic troops, and rarely more than a single Roman legion. In the years after the First Punic War, Rome wrested Corsica and … Marcellus, by now proconsul, decided to move to attack, and in the spring of 213 BC made an attempt to capture the city by storm, marking the start of the Siege of Syracuse, one of the great sieges of the ancient world. Publius Scipio had finally set off for Spain, travelling by ship along the coast, reaching the Greek city of Massilia (modern Marseille) at roughly the same time that Hannibal crossed the Rhone. The interval between the First and Second Punic Wars (241–218 bce) The loss of naval supremacy not only deprived the Carthaginians of their predominance in the western Mediterranean but exposed their overseas empire to disintegration under renewed attacks by Rome. Certainly there were strong Roman forces near to the city, which would have arrived in Rome before Hannibal, and the cities defences would have made it very hard for Hannibal to take the city. It was very hard for Marcus to conquer the city because all the supplies and raising the fortification around the city was participated by famous antique physicist and mathematician Archimedes. The Second Punic War, also referred to as The Hannibalic War and by the Romans the War Against Hannibal, was the second of three Punic Wars between the Roman Republic and Carthage, with the participation of Macedonia and Syracuse polities and Numidian and Iberian forces on both sides. However, by the end of the second century, large numbers of slaves were pouring into Rome, either as prisoners of war or purchased abroad by the new wealthy class of Romans who now employed large staffs of domestic servants or invested as slaves as business ventures. Activities inside of the country, as well as the war with the Gauls, did not give to the Romans the opportunity to provide serious resistance to Carthaginian power in Spain. Punic Wars > Second Punic War. However, Publius Cornelius Scipio had to stay in the northern Italy due to the rebel of Gauls. Hannibal was faster. Consuls from 216 BC Lucius Aemilius Paullus (Fabius Maximus supporter) and Gaius Terentius Varro, a democrat and supporter of decisive action against Hannibal. Flaminius was killed at the beginning of the battle. The Second Punic War (also called the Second Carthaginian War) was the second of three conflicts, known collectively as “The Punic Wars,” fought between the ancient powers of Rome and Carthage — a powerful city and imperial entity located across the Mediterranean from Southern Italy in modern-day Tunisia. After crossing the Ebro, he spent a month subduing the tribes between the Ebro and the Pyrenees, and left a force 11,000 strong to keep the area quiet. In 206 BC, Publius started to reign over the southern part of the Iberian Peninsula. The invasion force set sail for Africa early in the spring on 204 BC. All citizens, who were older than 17 years were asked to join in defending the Rome. Although the siege took eight months, it consisted of a series of attempts to take the city by storm, an unusually aggressive plan for this period. When the Punic army arrived, the Romans found themselves in serious trouble. Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus was elected as a Consul in 205 BC, and in 204 BC, he came to Africa, and he landed not far from Utica with an army of 30.000 people, and with around 7.000 volunteers-veterans. Sagunto resisted over the course of eight months. Immediately after the battle, he began his march to Italy, which suggests that his army was not badly damaged by the battle, and it may be that a truer image of the battle would be as a delaying action fought by Hasdrubal to allow his army to begin it's march. His infantry was to attempt to smash through the Roman centre, with his veterans held in reserve for the final phase of the battle, when the Romans would have all of their infantry engaged. South of the river Ebro, Sagunto was only sea town (it was Hellenized Iberian city), which did not obeyed to Carthaginians, but it entered into an alliance with Rome. A lack of urgency allowed Scipio to return to the siege of Utica in time prepare a defence. For several days the two sides deployed for battle but did not fight. Hannibal route Second Punic War Publius Cornelius Scipio (Elder)– a Consul from 218 BC was already moving in the direction of Spain, because he wanted to fight with Hannibal. Even so, the Punic fleet was able to capture sixty transports. Mago's attack in the Roman rear was the turning point of the battle, although the Roman defeat was still not as severe as those to come. Rome forced Carthage to pay for damages after the war, so Carthage had very little left to pay the mercenaries. Carthage was forced to sue for peace, this time on harsher terms than in the previous year. On his arrival in Sicily, Scipio settled down to train his army. Scipio was in Massalia when he heard the news of Hannibal’s movement. When another army, 14,000 strong and commanded by Hannibal's last brother, Mago, landed near Genoa, there was no panic, and the resulting campaign was low key, ending in the defeat of Mago, who died of his wounds while returning to Africa. 1. The bulk of his cavalry, 6000 Gallic and Spanish cavalry, were on the left wing, facing the Roman cavalry. Scipio was able to add to this force 7,000 volunteers, eager to play a part in the invasion of Africa and attracted by his reputation. So the Second Punic War, largest conflict on antiquity, is mainly known by epic battles like Cannae or Zama and great leaders – Hannibal Barca and Scipio Africanus. Heidenheim an der Brenz and Hellenstein Castle, Cnut the Great as King of England (1016-1035), Briefly about the conflict between Hannibal and Romans, Neanderthal (Homo sapiens neanderthalensis), Valcamonica, Camunian prehistoric culture, Large number of bottles from 6 century discovered near Istanbul. This was a unique strategy for a Roman general of this period, who were far more likely to attack at the first chance. What is certain is that the crossing was highly dangerous. The Second Punic War happened between 218 BC and 201 BC. Food supplies were one of the most important Hannibal tasks. Fabius Maximus avoided decisive battles, and was satisfied with small skirmishes, but he attacked mainly Carthaginian chamber. The aim of this was to all the new Roman armies to gain experience together, while weakening Hannibal. According to Polybius the treaty was confirmed in Rome, while Livy claimed that the negotiations in Rome failed. Hog Farm Bacon 00:31, 11 October 2020 (UTC) The fate of the conflict was resolved in Italy: In its second stage, this war was not defensive but conquering (southern Spain and entire Sicily after 210 BC belonged to him). The Romans deployed 76,000 men on the battlefield. The conflict decided about the primacy in the Mediterranean. Flaminius path led through a narrow valley, which was lying between the mountains and Lake Trasimene. After the war Rome had gained Spain, secured control over the Mediterranean islands, and seen her first direct involvement in Greece. silver and recruits of Carthage. Anti-roman groups everywhere won. Rome emerged from the war utterly transformed. Carthage responded by raising another two armies, a Numidian army under Syphax, and a Punic army led by Hasdrubal Gisgo. The resulting battle of Ilipa saw Scipio outwit his opponents. Carthaginian army marched 4 days and 3 nights up til waits and chests in the water. After Agrigento fall, the Romans ruled over entire Island. The battle of Cannae (2 August 216 BC), was one of the worst defeats in Roman history. This cross was total surprise for the Romans. The Roman disaster was made complete a few days later when Hannibal destroyed Geminius's cavalry, coming ahead of the rest of his army, and effectively stopping him in his tracks. Only a minor foothold remained to them north of the Ebro. The Carthaginians were led by Hannibal, one of the most gifted commanders in history, but the Romans had their own great general Scipio Africanus, an… Admittedly, this army was now only 26,000 strong, 20,000 less than crossed the Rhone, but what was left was probably the elite of the Carthaginian army. Armed with the knowledge of Hasdrubal's plans, the second Consul, Caius Claudius Nero, marched the best part of his army from southern Italy up to join Salinator, now facing Hasdrubal. Hannibal and the Second Punic War, 218-201BC Audio-Visual Resources. Hasdrubal began by laying siege to Placentia, and sending messages south to his brother. Once again, Hannibal's victory encouraged more Gallic tribes to join him. Romans stubbornly continued to struggle in Spain, considering it the main source of power, i.e. He gave Romans an excellent cavalry and Hannibal suffered his first and last defeat. For some time, Hannibal stayed near the city and after that, he retreated to Campania and headed to the south. These commanders were Sempronius, at the Trebbia River, Flaminius, at Lake Trasimene, Paullus, at Cannae, and Scipio, at … Scipio, now injured, retreated across the River Trebia and encamped, awaiting reinforcements. Second Punic War Battles > Battle of Geronium. He still won some notable victories, destroying an army 16,000 strong in 212 BC, another 7,000 strong in 210 BC, and killing both of the Consuls for 208. The other Consul for the year, Sempronius Longus, was ordered north from Sicily with his army, and managed the impressive feat of travelling most of the length of Italy with his army in forty days, apparently raising morale as he went. After a night march the Roman army met the Spanish and engaged in a badly organised battle. In the autumn of 211 BC Marcus managed to conquer Syracuse. Punic Wars - Punic Wars - Campaigns in Sicily and Spain: Concurrently with the great struggle in Italy the Second Punic War was fought out on several other fields. Rome faced one final threat in Italy. In 206, they took the offensive. The second Consul – Tiberius Sempronius Longus, was recalled from Sicily because Rome gave up on African expedition. However, neither effort met with success. Alps - Wikipedia During the Second Punic War in 212 BCE, the Ludi Apollinares ("Apollonian Games") were instituted in his honor, on the instructions of a prophecy attributed to one Marcius. The second Punic War, fought from 218-202 BC was led by Hannibal on the Carthaginian side and Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus with Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus on the Roman side. So the Second Punic War, largest conflict on antiquity, is mainly known by epic battles like Cannae or Zama and great leaders – Hannibal Barca and Scipio Africanus. See Carthaginian-Macedonian Treaty. The Punic Wars were a series of wars between the Carthaginians and the Roman Republic that would catalyze the growth of the Roman territorial holdings as well as shape the ancient world for centuries to come. Third Punic War + Third Punic War Links

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