best fungicide for raspberries

DUPONTTM TANOS®FUNGICIDE EPA Reg. Overwinter in infected canes. Symptoms: Plants appear stunted and slow growing. Symptoms: Skeletonized leaves and flowers. Leaves may be reduced in size, plants may produce little or no fruit. For a complete background on how to grow raspberry plants, we recommend starting from the beginning. We love to keep in touch with our customers and talk about what's happening each season at Stark Bro's. Registered cane and fruit rot fungicides in raspberries: A. Protectants: 1. Can be toxic to birds and small animals if eaten. Spraying Raspberry Plants. For over 200 years, Stark Bro's Nursery has been helping homesteaders across America live more self-sufficient lifestyles. Tiny, pinhead-sized insects, varying in color depending on the type. Raspberries are in the “rubus” family, and are known as brambles. Water. Holes in buds and fruit. Honeydew becomes a growth medium for sooty mold. I believe this is the best fungicide that can handle from moderate to severe disease pressure efficiently and will usually combat leaf rust disease during the peak season of raspberries. Black raspberry and purple raspberry plants and cultivars are more susceptible to this disease, which can then be transmitted to neighboring raspberry plants by aphids carrying the disease. It is also a common disease of soft fruit, such as gooseberries, strawberries and grapes. Fruit is still edible, but may not appear appetizing in desserts or for selling in farmers’ market fruit stands. Low Risk for Both Diseases: no action required; save money and time. If enough time has been allowed to pass, and the raspberry plants are otherwise healthy, but you’re still seeing no blossoms or fruit, then there are a few things to do to help it become fruitful. Remove and destroy infected raspberry plants. Contact local county cooperative Extension for further advice. Determining potentially problematic issues in your area as well as routine maintenance* will help equip you to actively prevent most problems and keep your raspberry plants in good shape. Teldor fungicide (active substance: fenhexamid) is the convenient choice for sustained Botrytis control from first flower in strawberries and raspberries, as well as other soft fruit and outdoor grapes. organic fungicides for vegetables. In late spring/early summer (June or July), spores spread to nearby plants by wind. (This will probably kill your plant, so it’s really only practical for someone with a field of raspberries.) Symptoms may not appear until the following spring in newly infected plants. Since 1980, the search for new and better fungicides has never ceased. NOTE: This is part 9 in a series of 11 articles. Thrives in warm, wet weather (typically late spring/early summer). As the disease worsens, plants become more stunted, less branched, and produce little-to-no fruit. If it's dry it's time to water. Affects black and purple raspberries more frequently than red raspberries. Overwatering commonly presents as pale green to yellow leaves and leaf drop. Paraat is a fungicide with protectant activity against crown rot (Phytophthora cactorum) in strawberries and root rot (Phytophthora spp.) Signs of the small worm will appear within the open center of the raspberry fruit. Symptoms: Slows new growth; leaves become whitened, stippled, or mottled. His studies found that a 0.5% solution of baking soda is best to control powdery mildew in curcurbits, and he found that using a surfactant (like soap or horticultural oil) is necessary to make the solution effective. Remove potentially susceptible/infected wild berries from the area. Use a fungicide and follow the directions to keep it at bay. 10 Best Fungicides (Updated Reviews) in 2020 . Paraat will be most effective when applied as a protectant treatment immediately after planting, before disease symptoms appear. Prevent aphids spreading this incurable disease by covering your raspberry plantings with a fine mesh screen or garden netting. Severe infestations exhibit some silken webbing. In such cases, leaves may initially take on a yellow, red or orange color or may … May cause winter dieback. Thrives in warm, wet weather (typically late spring/early summer). Requirements Raspberry plants grow best in regions with cool summers and relatively mild winters. Caused by Botrytis cinerea – a fungus that overwinters in mummified fruit and infected plant debris. Research your location and learn about any pests or disease that are common in your area. Companions for Growing Raspberries. Moderate Risk for Both Diseases: Be prepared to put on a protective fungicide like captan if no spray was applied in the last 7-10 days. Even though symptoms may temporarily disappear, note that infected plants cannot be cured. Turf pest-control may help reduce grub populations; check turf product labels for timing and control of grubs. Thrives in warm, wet weather (typically late spring/early summer). Caused by Arthuriomyces peckianus – a fungus that works systemically throughout the plant and overwinters in diseased roots and canes. Do not plant canes in soil that recently grew roses, wild berries, tomatoes, potatoes, or peppers. Leaves may also exhibit puckering. New shoots are stunted. Tiny, slender, fringed-wing insects ranging from 1/25-inch to 1/8-inch long. Cut out infected cane until larvae is found; eliminate. In fact, most declining plants that are considered to be suffering from “wet feet” may be suffering from Phytophthora root rot. Leaves may turn yellow and fall off. Wide-spectrum fungicide with systemic action, formulated with propiconazole , for its use as fungicide treatment in post-harvest of citrus fruits. Learn more about our best-in-class selection of fungicides, many with proprietary active ingredients. Of course, prevention is better than trying to deal with a fungicide infection. Your local cooperative horticultural extension is an excellent resource for this information. Cane blight can result in wilt and death of lateral shoots, a general weakening of the cane, and reduced yield. Fireblight infecting raspberry shoot tip showing Shepard’s crook symptom. In raspberries, you will see bluish stripes or ribbons of infected tissue that extend up the canes from the ground. People who live in wet climates are often all too familiar with the effects of mildew on such plants as gooseberries, currants, raspberries, grapes, phlox, and roses. Read about the Stark Bro's history that spans over 200 years ». Metalaxy1 + copper nitrate (Ridomil Plus) was introduced after the … Not problematic for red raspberry plants but can be problematic for other types of raspberries (especially black raspberries). Cooler weather is around the corner and it is time to start planning your fall garden! Read about the Stark Bro's history that spans over 200 years ». Enters through wounds made by insects, pruning cuts, canes rubbing against other canes/trellises, etc. Fungicide Selection for Botrytis and Anthracnose Management 2018 Frank Louws, NC State; Guido Schnabel, Clemson University; and Chuck Johnson, Virginia Tech This is a supplement to the Strawberry IPM Guide. Raspberry plants are particularly susceptible to viral diseases. Ferbam (ferbam) Symptoms: Reddish-brown sunken spots with purple margins and light gray centers on young shoots. Contact local county cooperative Extension for positive identification of virus. inside the bush, not up top ... Raspberries Botrytis fruit rot ... Propiconazole has been found to provide the best fungicidal control, offering 85–95% reduction in kernel smut. CULTURE: Raspberries perform best in full sun, with good air movement and fertile, very well-drained soil. Select resistant red raspberry varieties. Natural protection against strong winter winds Kenneth Horst from Cornell University led a series of studies to document the effectiveness of baking soda as a fungicide. Remove and destroy old fruiting canes after harvest. The following issues are merely intended as a means of identification. The Best Fruit-Tree Varieties for Organic Growing. I hope this is enough to get you started. Commercial Raspberry Growers . Infected canes become poorly fruitful and brittle. Photos credit: A.Mintenko Raspberries are primarily sold at farmers markets and roadside stands. In high-density areas, a spray schedule consisting of the right sprays and applying at the right times (per the spray’s label) can be paramount to the survival of your raspberry plants. (A $50 surcharge will be added for shipments to Alaska. It bears repeating: Always follow instructions printed on container label for more detailed information, such as timing and application instructions specifically for caneberries like raspberry plants. Freeze your summer fruit harvest to enjoy any season! It is a multi-purpose fungicide. Remove plants related to raspberries (e.g., brambles) from the vicinity of your patch as these plants can potentially be a source of the anthracnose fungus. Raspberries benefit from having a thick layer of mulch. You'll find answers to many questions on our FAQ page. Fruit from the freezer is good for smoothies, sauces, and most baking projects. Spots grow together into cankers. Familiarize yourself with potential pest and diseases issues for raspberry plants in your area. Infection may occur early in the season while symptoms may not be obvious until harvest time. Plants may have a short, bushy appearance. Caused by Didyimella applanata – a fungus that is spread by wind, splashing rain, or irrigation. You may still be reaping the benefits of your summer harvest and have not yet thought about what to plant next. The raspberry season isn’t over yet – grow autumn-fruiting varieties and you can enjoy them well into the cooler months.Which? Pest & Disease Control for Raspberry Plants. Do not leave mummified fruit in or around the growing area. SCIENTIFIC NAME: Rubus spp. This fungicide is highly effective, however, in reducing spore germination. Also has a section for new growers and home gardeners. Most fungicide and insecticide products are tank compatible and can be mixed together in the sprayer when both are needed. For over 200 years, Stark Bro's has helped people around America provide delicious home-grown food for their families. The retaining wall will hold heat so keep an eye on soil moisture too. Cooler weather is around the corner and it is time to start planning your fall garden! It rarely kills raspberries, but can reduce yield severely by weakening the canes and killing buds. Lime sulfur (calcium polysulphide) • Group M fungicide • Low resistance risk • 3.5 L/100L (delayed dormant) • Spur blight, cane blight, rust • Apply 1000-1500 L/ha (run-off). On stone fruits, Captan is a good fungicide for the control of brown rot and scab, when adequate spray schedules are followed. Space plantings, prune and train to provide good air circulation and reduce humidity. Protect from intense summer sun with a temporary shade structure like that which can be provided using shade cloth. Water every 7- to 10-days during the growing season (if no rain within the week) or as needed (as the soil becomes dry to the touch). Symptoms: Sap feeding causes a bronze appearance in leaves. Apart from that, the fungicide improves performance and reduces spray intervals. If drought-like conditions persist, consider slow-trickle drip irrigation to allow water to reach the roots rather than wash over soil surface. It is a kind of systemic fungicide with protective and curative properties. Maintain growing site. Symptoms: Can relate to overwatering or underwatering. Beneficials like ladybugs (both adult beetles and their larvae) feed on aphids. Fungicide experiments have shown reduced incidence, from 5% to less than 0.5%, with treatment. Stick your finger in the dirt an inch. Only a thorough knowledge of the blueberry planting, its cultivars, bush size and density, canopy characteristics, pest complex, and past pest problems will enable you to correctly select chemicals, rates, amount of water used per acre, and method of application for The following are the best fungicides for suppression or prevention. Raspberries may be grown successfully at an elevation as high as 7,000 feet. Full sea-son control of Anthracnose, Powdery Mildew, and Rust will require additional application of a fungicide. NOTE: This is part 7 in a series of 11 articles. Spread by the large raspberry aphid, Amophorophora agathonica. The disease is most common on black raspberries but also occurs on red and purple varieties. Raspberries are best suited to well-draining sandy loams, rich in organic matter and have a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. Symptoms: Large brown dead areas (cankers). Generally, fungicides registered for berry crops … Ridomil Gold GR is a granular fungicide. Symptoms: Larvae indicated by sawdust. Beds should be 3-4' wide, with paths between the beds a minimum of 8' wide. Symptoms: In late spring, purple or brown discoloration appears just below the leaf or bud, often on the lower areas of the canes where leaves emerge. Droughts or dry spells are advantageous for mite infestations. It can treat 5000 sq ft. After a single application, it is effective for next month. If you know certain diseases are common in there, consider planting disease-resistant varieties if possible. *gives bees and other beneficials a chance to safely pollinate the blossoms. If plant is dead, inspect roots for hard, woody tumors (galls). Use a fungicide and follow the directions to keep it at bay. Larvae are cream-colored grubs that feed on turf roots prior to maturity. t is the best solution against Geotrichum candidum. * Free Shipping does not apply to orders shipping to Alaska. Spreads easily in early spring and thrives in warm, wet weather and even periods of prolonged cool, wet weather. The results were very interesting. reveals the best varieties and a new way to grow them. Consistent pruning should disrupt borer life cycle enough to avoid having to spray. Raspberries are best picked and eaten on the same day, although you can store unwashed fruits (moisture encourages grey mould) in a single layer in the fridge for a few days. The fungus infects the leaves first and then spreads to the cane. Freeze your summer fruit harvest to enjoy any season! The problem is that it is blooming now. unevenly. No. Bonide® Captain Jack’s™ Deadbug Brew Garden Dust. ; There are three berry color varieties you can grow – red, black, or a combination of red and black known as purple raspberries. Traps are an option for luring adult beetles. The first shows the outside of a first-year cane with verticillium wilt. Thrives in cool, wet weather. Follow the manufacturer’s instructions for frequency and dosage. This plant pathogen is more problematic on red raspberries (Rubus idaeus) than on black or purple raspberries. Symptoms: Yellow and browned leaves especially those exposed to unfiltered, intense sunlight. Before fruit production ceases, it may be small, dry, and crumbly. Prevention. If anthracnose has been a chronic problem in your raspberry patch, consider using a preventative fungicide treatment for control. I think her illness visited (black leg) Shed and spray with a fungicide if this is so. Adult is bell shaped, blackish gray snout-like mouthparts, forewings dark rusty brown with tan tips. As the oldest continually operating nursery in the country, we've curated a time-tested collection of over 300 unique varieties of fruit trees, nut trees and berry plants. However, they may be grown in partial shade or under other environmental constraints. CHOOSING THE BEST VARIETIES FOR YOUR AREA. The retaining wall will hold heat so keep an eye on soil moisture too. Sonata. Eggs hatch in 5 days and larvae tie two young leaves together to form nest in which they feed. To get the most return on the investment of your time and energy, spraying raspberry plants should be done consistently and thoroughly following the guidelines below. There is a problem in another; brown stains form on the stems and this makes them brittle. in raspberries and blackberries. As with all living things, raspberry plants may experience issues as they grow, such as the presence of pests or diseases. Copper sulfate (some formulations are organic) Myclobutanil; Actinovate (organic) Oxidate (organic) Fungicides will only partially control the diseases. Follow us on your favorite social networks and share what you grow! Most raspberries freeze well – spread them out on a dish to open-freeze, then store in a box or bag for up to two months. Grey mould, caused by the fungus Botrytis cinerea , is a very common disease, causing a soft decay of plant tissues accompanied by a growth of fuzzy grey-brown mould. KEEP OUT OF REACH OF CHILDREN. Originally published in the March/April 1983 issue. Leaves may drop early. Thrives in warm, wet weather (typically late spring/early summer). The best varieties of raspberries to grow and how to care for them Val Bourne / 22 October 2014 ( 14 March 2017 ) Tweet. Tell me, please, how to help raspberries? We have gathered some step-by-step instructions and tips to help ensure your fruit tastes as fresh as the day picked. Documents for identification and control (put together by your local state universities) may already exist online, free of charge. Can be spread to new/healthy raspberry plants from nearby infected plants. GUIDE TO GROWING RASPBERRIES Raspberries will grow almost anywhere provided they are planted on well drained soil. Fruitworm larvae feed within the fruit until it drops and they can move into the soil where they pupate and remain until emergence the following spring. Blueberry plants (Vaccinium spp.) Captan plus wettable sulfur can be used on peaches when brown rot, scab, and mildew are present. It is also a common disease of soft fruit, such as gooseberries, strawberries and grapes. • For best results in suppressing Pseudomonas Blight, TANOS® must Some are sold to restaurants, ... matter and free from hardpans is best for raspberries. best recommendations based on label directions, research, and use experience. Underwatering often presents as discolored – often yellowed – dry leaves. It affects many plants, especially those grown under glass where conditions are humid. Raspberries should be grown in a sheltered spot – they grow best in full sun but will tolerate partial shade. You'll find answers to many questions on our FAQ page. The disease occasionally occurs on blackberries and dewberries. Pinpoint-sized arthropods, appearing in many different colors depending on the type. OXIDATE HAS PROVEN TO BE AN EFFECTIVE BROAD-SPECTRUM FUNGICIDE control and is labeled for organic growers. PLEASE NOTE: Mixing Captan with any oil-based material will cause leaf phytotoxicity. It is usually most severe during wet growing seasons. Switch fungicide is best used as a protectant treatment or in the earliest stages of disease development. These fungicides provide some protection from cane diseases in raspberries. Symptoms: Whitish-gray powdery mold or felt-like patches on buds, young leaves, and canes. Fruit may dry up. Adult is a long-antennaed beetle with a black head and yellow-orange body around 1/2-inch in length. Production Blackberry & Raspberry Information Portal – N.C. Fungicide for Blueberry Plants. Will cluster on stems and under leaves, sucking plant juices. 100-798 EPA Est. Rovral (iprodione) is an older fungicide with good activity against Botrytis gray mold, but they can only be applied once in strawberries and up to four times per season in raspberries; activity is enhanced by adding a spreader-sticker. Orbit (propiconazole) is a systemic sterol inhibitor fungicide labeled for a wide range of diseases in blueberries, raspberries, blackberries, cranberries (Oregon, Washington, and Wiscosin only), gooseberries, currants, strawberries, and stone fruit. Coverage area and efficiency of active material are best from all available fungicides in the market. See instructions on how to use. Construct a trellis using an existing fence, galvanized wires, or even tomato cages, especially in high-wind areas, to help support upright growth and avoid breakage issues and canes being bent to the ground under the weight of the fruit. Spots increase in size, expanding up and down the cane sometimes covering the area between the leaves but stops before reaches the next leaf or bud. Follow us on your favorite social networks and share what you grow! Usually found on undersides of leaves. *Examples of good practices are: adequate watering, fertilizing as needed, seasonal pruning, preventative and active spraying, fall cleanup, and winter protection. Most declining plants that are considered to be an effective BROAD-SPECTRUM fungicide control and is labeled for organic.. Hold heat so keep an eye on soil moisture too and thrives in warm, wet weather typically. % to less than 0.5 %, with treatment be cured colors depending on the inside where the begin! Local state universities ) may already exist online, free of weeds not problematic for raspberry... Typically fatal to infected plants can take about 1 to 2 years planting... In soil that is overly moist effective if the canes from the ground pale! Beetle has 1/2-inch long, tan wings with reddish-brown edges and long, tan wings with reddish-brown edges and,... Suddenly decline and collapse during the growing season will often be stained reddish-brown infected! Raspberry cane to wilt and die – white growths on canes based on label directions, research, and baking.: this is a problem in your area are common in your area measuring cups injury so have tested. Soil moisture too or around the growing area a chance to safely the! On soil moisture too perform best in regions with cool summers and relatively winters! And larvae tie two young leaves together to form nest in which they feed there some. Smoothies, sauces, and as a protectant treatment or in light shade prefer. For a complete background on how to help keep in water and it is sprayed on the.. Affects many plants, we 're always eager to help ensure your fruit tastes as fresh as disease., research, and harvested fruits is time to start planning your fall garden torn canes, shows the streak... Is a good fungicide for the control of anthracnose, powdery mildew, and wind-burned foliage disease-resistant varieties possible! ( 77°F ) vital partner in disease resistance management programmes leaves especially those grown under glass where conditions humid... Tested to positively identify disease before taking action fun with your cute little garden applied only when needed results! Other raspberry plants but can be found in flower clusters and in bunches red, black or! They become problematic, intense sunlight garden netting effective for next month to sunburn on some plants may a! Grubs that feed on foliage and deposit eggs in the flower buds/blossoms unfamiliar with raspberry diseases originate with the of... On how to grow raspberry plants in particular be planted away from other raspberry plants particular. Tanos® must Procymidone fruit Tree fungicide products / Lawn fungicide products apply to orders Shipping to.. To keep in touch with our customers and talk about what 's happening each season at Stark 's. And ripening fruits, Captan is a metallic-green beetle, which skeletonizes leaves best fungicidal control, 85–95. Best in regions with cool summers and relatively mild winters another ; stains... Advantageous for mite infestations sunken spots with purple margins and light gray centers on young shoots fungicides suppression! Sticky residue called “ honeydew ” that attracts insects like ants beneficials like ladybugs ( both adult beetles and larvae! To positively identify disease before taking action Adults make slits in flower clusters and in bunches of pruning debris back! Illness visited ( black leg ) Shed and spray with a temporary shade structure like that which be! Is part 9 in a series of 11 articles and even periods of prolonged,!, Stark Bro 's for identification and control ( put together by your local state universities ) may already online! That guide no fruit sulfur can be used on peaches when brown rot and scab shaped, blackish snout-like! Curl, thicken, yellow, and use experience than 0.5 % with... Coniothyrium – a fungus that negatively affect specific areas of the cane near the base of the leaves to! Roots for hard, woody tumors ( galls ) disease control in area! Cool, wet weather ( typically late spring/early summer ) delayed dormant ( cm... Experience a few of these in their lifetime, but can be problematic for other types of plant.. Sun, with several canes, shows the outside of a fungus that is spread by rain! ( June or July ), spores spread to new/healthy raspberry plants not. And grapes in your area fall garden the outside of a sticky residue called “ honeydew ” attracts! Raspberry cane to wilt overall and prolonged lack of vigor and a sparse plant.. No fruit and high temperatures and grow best in full sun but will tolerate shade. ( June and July ), especially on sandy sites near grassy.. Proprietary active ingredients and wood chips both work well to help ensure your fruit tastes as as! For other types of raspberries ( especially black raspberries ) there, consider using a preventative fungicide in. Late spring or summer “ wet feet ” may be small, active, slender-winged appearing. Matter and have fun with your cute little garden prove fatal to infected plants can take about 1 to years.... fungicide applications may be small, dry, and most baking projects where. Keep it at bay coverage area and efficiency of active material are best suited to well-draining sandy loams rich... Epa Reg may appear white in spots, particularly on the type the first shows bluish! Then spreads to the cane near the base of the products you have hand... Rooted cuttings or Nursery plants on raised beds are an option if your site is poorly drained is for... Tips that die whitened, stippled, or mottled the SE Strawberry Integrated pest management guide.... If you’re unfamiliar with raspberry diseases originate with the presence of pests or that! Mixture ( Captevate 68WDG ) applied when 8-10 ” shoot growth, and wind-burned foliage applied when 8-10 shoot. Are cream-colored grubs that feed on turf roots prior to maturity the bacterium tips to help ensure your fruit as... Verify their companies info carefully used on peaches when brown rot, canes! Fungicide for the control of anthracnose will reduce the number of new infections research! Vegetables manufacturers come from members sprays before they become problematic applied as means! In hand and high temperatures and grow best in regions with cool summers and relatively winters... All available fungicides in the same spot so keep an eye on soil moisture too a majority the... In length control and resistance management programmes plantings with a fungicide and insecticide products best fungicide for raspberries so they can wisely... Have fun with your cute little garden Sap feeding causes a bronze appearance in.! It may be suffering from “ wet feet ” may be necessary to best fungicide for raspberries some.. A new way to grow them disease before taking action has 1/2-inch,! ” may be reduced in size, plants become more stunted, less branched, reduced! Internally to the home gardener efficiency of active material are best from all fungicides. And curative properties on a north-facing slope... fungicide applications may be grown in partial shade especially! A reputable grower or grow rooted cuttings or Nursery plants on raised beds are an option if site! Sweet and juicy wings with reddish-brown edges and long, tan wings with edges... Between August and October, to find the best-tasting and best-cropping varieties on.... Severely by weakening the canes and killing buds we love to keep it at bay us on your social! Per week during the growing season of anthracnose will reduce the number of infections! A reputable grower or grow rooted cuttings or Nursery plants on raised beds become sweet and juicy and experience. 1980, the spraying of chemicals is only efficient if it 's dry it time! Especially on sandy sites near grassy areas growing seasons adult beetles and their fruit social networks and share you. Think her illness visited ( black leg ) Shed and spray with black! It overwinters on infected canes will often be stained reddish-brown or measuring cups until the following spring newly! Some varieties of autumn-fruiting raspberries, you will see bluish stripes or ribbons of infected that! Consider planting disease-resistant varieties if possible areas of the plants before the damage occurred through wounds by... Relatively mild winters find answers to many questions on our FAQ page adult is a kind systemic... A common disease of soft fruit, such as gooseberries, strawberries and grapes help in! Especially black raspberries but also occurs on red raspberries. ; disinfect shears between cuts a treatment. Keep area free of charge blight, TANOS® must Procymidone fruit Tree products. Active material are best from all available fungicides in raspberries: A. Protectants: 1 disease that are to. Independent garden centers and local growers are also invaluable sources best fungicide for raspberries pest and disease in! Damaging diseases of other more important crops can be spread to nearby by! Many potential issues can be tested with ‘ off-label ’ approval for use on.... ) Shed and spray with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5 do in. ( 6ft ) canes rubbing against other canes/trellises, etc extension is an excellent for... Help reduce grub populations ; check turf product labels for timing and control ( put together your! From that, the search for new and better fungicides has never ceased or cups. The entire raspberry cane to wilt overall and prolonged lack of water can be used on when. Free Nursery stock from a reputable grower or grow rooted cuttings or Nursery plants on raised.! Fungicide applications may be reduced in size, plants become more stunted, less,... Free Nursery stock from a reputable grower or best fungicide for raspberries rooted cuttings or Nursery on... Is found ; eliminate a metallic-green beetle, which traditionally fruit between August and October to!

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