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The removal of the deep manhole eliminated the safety concerns regarding working at depth during construction and operation. New technologies, stricter regulations, or a high occurrence of injuries and accidents may prompt a business to try to design out safety risks for both compliance and worker safety. the expected place of use (eg environment and supporting surfaces), safe use requirements including reasonably foreseeable misuse, relevant standards and specifications (eg what is produced and materials to be used), testing, maintenance and repair  requirements. This design also ensures the mast base cannot slip when the mast is lowered for periodic instrument maintenance. While the new trolley configuration provided safer access for maintenance staff and observers during standard operation, we learned that we must remain vigilant regarding unintended uses of the trolley at all lifecycle stages, such as machine installation onsite. Figure 12 illustrates what is involved in this phase. In designsafe, "Eliminate by design" is the preferred method of control, followed by "Guard against hazard," "Warn of hazard," "Train user" and "Personal protective equipment (PPE)." The General Principles of Prevention are set out in descending order of preference as follows: Avoid risks. the recommended control measures for any foreseeable activities (eg operation, maintenance, repair, dismantling, demolition, disposal) to be carried out during the life of the structure/plant when used for its intended purpose. Provides information to the manufacturer/constructor about the purpose ofthe plant, structure or substance, the results of any calculations, testing etc to make sure that risks are minimised so far as is reasonably practicable, and any conditions necessary to make sure that risks are minimised so far as is reasonably practicable (when used for its designed purpose or when being inspected, cleaned maintained or repaired). A designer should consider the risks created by the physical, environmental and operational conditions that plant and its users could be exposed to during its lifecycle. The main focus is to make sure that structures meet acceptable standards for structural soundness, safety, health and amenity. This may mean that productivity is increased in the long run. When a substance is approved, controls are applied to manage any risk that may arise during the substance’s lifecycle. The guidelines explain these designer duties, and describe how designers can manage health and safety risks (called ‘Health and Safety by Design’). NIOSH leads a national initiative called Prevention through Design (PtD). This may help to eliminate risks. The Design Safety Report should include information about: The development of a work health and safety file (containing all relevant information for a structure/plant) will assist the designer to meet the duty to provide information to others. The guarding, warning, training and PPE options prompt the designer to select one or more standard design options. Table 7: Examples of plant risks and phases of the plant lifecycle. For example, in one instance, the trolley started being used as an anchor point to protect installers while working at height. These guidelines help you to consider health and safety when designing plant, structures or substances. While cable access is more expensive than my previous dialup access account, it eliminated the need for a second phone line, generating a net savings of $6 per month. To view this report in full, see: Mahn, J. The risks that designers of structures, plant and substances may encounter and possible control measures are discussed in Sections 5, 6 and 7 of these guidelines. The lists may be modified to meet individual needs. Figure 3 describes the roles of designers, the manufacturer of the design, the supplier of the manufactured product and the end-user. A formal change approval process should be in place, and this should specifically require any health and safety implications to be considered. Their expertise will assist in identifying safety issues which may have been overlooked in the design. –Guidance on the principles of Safe Design –Safe Design of Structures 2012 CoP •Worksafe Qld –Safe Design of Structures 2013 CoP •Construction Hazard Assessment Implication Review (CHAIR) Brad Matthews Senior Consultant GCG Health Safety … Does the plant affect the safety of the area where it will be located? Safe by Design principles actively eliminate or reduce risk during design development for construction and maintenance activities and ensures that remaining risks are effectively communicated. Risks relating to plant are often caused by the plant itself, and how and where the plant is used. A risk assessment looks at what could happen if someone is exposed to a hazard, and how likely this is to happen. are at or near a workplace, and are exposed to the plant, substance or structure, or whose health and safety may be affected by a work activity listed above. Next, the designer identifies the users of each sub-process, the tasks performed by the user, the hazards associated with each task and associated failure modes. Risks to health and safety arise from people being exposed to hazards (anything that can cause harm). PCBUs have a general duty to engage with workers. Designsafe doesn"t allow the users to interactively sort the database by process, user, hazard, and risk. Health and Safety by Design is also important for developing and maintaining a good reputation to win future work. Where two pieces of legislation apply, the duty holder needs to follow both. Operator controls can be activated accidentally. A risk is ‘in scope’ if it can be affected, introduced or increased by the design of the structure. The more users transferring data over my network node, the less bandwidth is available per individual user. 5 km long, 3-lane (each way) motorway comprising 35 kilometres of lanes, two 2.4 km long 13.1 m (ID) diameter bored tunnels and ventilation buildings, two long span footbridges and several smaller structures, over 3 km of retention structures up to 30 m high, extensive urban improvements and landscaping, operations and maintenance responsibilities for 10 years. A Safety in Design workshop was held with attendance by the designers, the Auckland Council Operations Team and the Auckland Council Design Team. Extended periods of exposure to high levels of noise can lead to temporary or permanent hearing loss. Designsafe (design safety engineering, inc., P.O. use the plant, substance or structure at a workplace for its designed purpose, store the plant or substance at a workplace. A plant designer may use technical standards, or a combination of standards and engineering, design, or ergonomics principles relevant to the design requirements (as long as the design meets regulatory requirements). This was achieved through the installation of adjustable infill panels and the application of strict administrative controls. Providing this information to others involved later in the lifecycle is necessary to make them aware of any leftover risks and the methods used to minimise risk. This approach can encourage collaboration and professional  development. Appropriately sized amenities and facilities, including access, egress, space to perform tasks, fall prevention, confined spaces, surface treatments, sharp edges, height of features, roof pitch, material durability, site security, and traffic management. They decide on control measures and prepare construction documentation. Monitor the effectiveness of all steps of the risk management process. Human error is not always the result of people being careless. The Building Code also does not provide guidance for some specialised structures such as major hazard facilities (eg refineries). This base plate has holes which slide over the threaded rods, allowing the base plate to be secured with nuts and washers. possible soil contamination and site stability. These guidelines could be used for projects of varying sizes. Would it result in loss of contents, loss of load, unintended ejection of work pieces, explosion, fragmentation or collapse of parts, release of substances hazardous to health, or other hazardous exposures? If it’s not practicable to eliminate, they must minimise risks, so far as is reasonably practicable. Figure 13 illustrates some of these, and they are explained in further detail below. However, duty holders may need to do more than what other legislation requires to meet HSWA duties. The southbound motorway approach into the northern portal of the tunnel has two lanes coming from each direction (east and west) merging into three lanes into the tunnel (ie three lanes merging into four lanes). Observation mode (trolley panel infills lifted and secured in place): Prevents access to moving parts on an operating machine. Designers should be aware of the factors contributing to human error when designing plant including: When designing plant, designers should assess the risk of reasonably foreseeable misuse by users, and incorporate appropriate control measures into their design. These sometimes competing objectives need to be balanced in a manner that does not compromise the health and safety of those who work on or use the structure over its life, which includes the maintenance and/or demolition of the structure. Table 7 shows examples of potential plant risks and phases of the plant lifecycle after the design has been completed where people might be exposed to plant hazards. You will also be kept current on how proven technologies such as respirators, safety management systems and gas detectors are being updated and enhanced to provide additional layers of safety. Design and instructions on installing components are difficult to   understand. Risk has two components – the likelihood that it will occur and the consequences (degree of harm) if it happens. These people may include: The guidelines are for people who want to learn about designing with health and safety in mind. develop overload testing procedures to ensure plant safety when plant is misused. A service trolley was positioned above a fruit sorter. Can the plant cause injury as a result of unexpected  start-up? Price reductions are available for quantity purchases, and a networked version is also available. Risk assessment methods for assessing design safety may include: When thinking about which control measures to  implement: Talk with all relevant people to figure out which risks can be addressed with recognised standards. The design should include technical provisions for: Health and safety amenity aspects such as ventilation, lighting, Legionella controls, sanitary facilities and damp and weatherproofing measures should also be covered. Two examples of SiD related outcomes from the project: Thanks to the NZTA and The Well-Connected Alliance for allowing this case study to be used. Identify solutions from regulations, good practice guidance and recognised standards. Managing risks in the design stage of a product is an effective way of providing the best protection. On-going review ensures that the data obtained through monitoring is available for feedback into the system. designing traffic areas to separate vehicles and pedestrians, including adequate access for delivery of construction material and plant to the site, designing in access for maintenance purposes (eg fixed stairs to a machine room), using non-slip materials on floor surfaces in areas exposed to the weather or dedicated wet areas, providing enough space within the structure to safely install, operate and maintain plant, providing enough lighting for intended tasks in the structure, designing spaces in which workers can use mechanical plant or tools to reduce manual task risks, designing access to structures that will serve a specific purpose, such as wide corridors for wheelchairs in hospitals, designing effective noise barriers and acoustical treatments to walls and ceilings, designing the structure to isolate noisy plant, designing floor loadings to accommodate heavy machinery that may be used in the  structure, clearly indicating on documents the design loads for different parts of  the structure, designing to accommodate the physical characteristics of different users, using sub-floor heating on floor surfaces that are exposed to moisture from weather or tracked moisture to enable them to dry more easily. Evaluate unavoidable risks. PCBUs must eliminate health and safety risks arising from work so far as is reasonably practicable. Risk identification should be done as early as possible in the concept development and design phases. safe use requirements, including reasonably foreseeable misuse, testing, maintenance and repair requirements. the redesign or modification of a design. It is more efficient and effective to manage risk in the design phase than to retrofit health and safety solutions. Lack of configurations or guides on connectors or equipment. The client or owner should be consulted at all design stages on risk management, safety in design decisions, and implementation of control measures. making decisions for a design that may affect the health or safety of persons who fabricate, construct, occupy, use or carry out other activities in relation to the structure. known hazards and the consultation arrangements between the client and designer/design team. The purpose of the trolley position above the machine is: The existing trolley was modified to incorporate the flexibility required for cleaning and maintenance tasks, while addressing the safety concerns identified by the risk assessment. When designing plant, designers should consider the range of physical and intellectual characteristics of likely users. Below are some examples of how risks relating to a structure’s use can be managed by: Below are some examples of how risks relating to cleaning, servicing and maintaining a structure can be managed by: Design can involve the alteration of an existing structure. Where can I find WorkSafe's guidance and advice about COVID-19? delivered to NZTA for $1.4 billion capital cost. It was a formal process that was documented in the design management plan and applied throughout the design and delivery period. Their health and safety may be affected by the new design. I highly recommend cable access if it is available in your area. Safe design applies to every stage in the lifecycle from conception through to … This means the outside lane from each direction has to merge with the one coming from the other direction. The specific control measures required by the Regulations may help manage the risks associated with manufacturing, using, handling or storing hazardous substances at work. Change management processes will be necessary. Check if there are widely used control measures (eg industry standards) for common risks. Noise of sheep shearing systems. One of the more interesting uses has been at Vanderbilt University, where the software is used in bioengineering projects. These may be qualitative or quantitative. The workshops identified safety-related risks for all elements of the project that could be mitigated, to at least some degree, through smart design. Information about identified health and safety risks, how they were assessed during the design process, and the control measures used should be documented, and applicable standards and decision pathways recorded throughout  the  design process. Wherever possible, design safety reviews should involve the people who will eventually construct the structure. the purpose for which the plant, substance or structure was   designed, the results of any calculations, analyses, tests or examinations carried out to make sure the plant, substance or structure is without health and safety risks (in relation to a substance, this includes any hazardous properties of the substance identified by testing). the ability to source and apply relevant data on human dimensions, capacities and behaviours. The approvals are given by the Environmental Protection Authority (EPA). Designing structures is a process with a series of steps. A team should be made up of capable people with a variety of different skills and knowledge, and should include workers who will use the structure, plant or substance. hazardous exposures during installation or commissioning (eg hazardous gases, fumes, vapours, noise, vibration, light). In general, people who are competent to verify the design of plant are those who: The design verifier may be in-house or an independent contractor. Figure 3: Roles and responsibilities in Health and Safety by Design. Other representatives can include community or church leaders. consult with end user representatives in pre-design or early design phases, choose designers, contractors or consultants who are proven and able to deliver key Health and Safety by Design principles, ensure that Health and Safety by Design expectations (evidence, standards, documents, communications etc) are included in procurement and contract processes, choose materials and products based on Health and Safety by Design considerations. There are further duties for PCBUs who are designers, manufacturers, suppliers, importers and installers (so called upstream  PCBUs). Dan Petersen, Safety Management – A Human Approach Aloray, Goshen, NY. Where a worker has to maintain plant, a designer should: There are general risks that should be considered when designing plant. stretching or bending at an unnatural angle – leading to  injuries. To him, this … Designers must eliminate health and safety risks arising from work so far as is reasonably practicable. Prevention through design (PtD), also called safety by design usually in Europe, is the concept of applying methods to minimize occupational hazards early in the design process, with an emphasis on optimizing employee health and safety throughout the life cycle of materials and processes. Plan the risk management process for other hazards. Points for designers to consider when providing information include: One method of communicating specific health and safety information relating to the design of a structure/plant is by providing a Design Safety Report. There are general risks that should be considered when designing substances. Modification may mean partial or full demolition. HSWA addresses such overlaps by providing that other legislative requirements may be considered when deciding if health and safety duties are being met. Can the plant cause injury from entanglement, crushing, trapping, cutting, stabbing, puncturing, shearing, abrasion, tearing or stretching? Information is too small to see from user’s position. On request, provides information as described in Table 1 to those who use the plant, structure or substance in the workplace. Does the change require changes to work practices, such as moving to an outsourced model for maintenance, engineering or project management? Selection of the tunnelling method and the decision to go with a Tunnel Boring machine (TBM) was driven in large part by risk mitigation and safety considerations. A structure should be designed so it can be demolished using existing techniques. If a risk can’t be eliminated, it must be minimised so far as is reasonably practicable. 3.4 Roles and responsibilities in Health and Safety by Design, 4.0 Elements of Health and Safety by Design, 4.1 Key principles of Health and Safety by Design, 5.0 Specific considerations when designing structures, 5.2 Systematic steps for designing structures, 6.0 Specific considerations when designing plant, 6.4 Design information for the manufacturer, 6.5 Design verification of pressure equipment, cranes and passenger ropeways, 7.0 Specific considerations when designing substances, 7.3 Control measures for managing substances, 8.2 Queenstown weather mast – weather reporting system, 8.4 Auckland Council special housing area: stormwater upgrade. Downloads that took hours over a telephone modem connection now take minutes. In addition, there are technical and engineering guidelines and standards produced by other government agencies, Standards New Zealand and relevant professional bodies. For information on what ‘reasonably practicable’ means, see WorkSafe’s fact sheet Reasonably Practicable. assess alternative control measures for their suitability. All hazardous substances that are manufactured in or imported into New Zealand need to be approved under the HSNO Act (Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) Act 1996). Canterbury University: Acoustic Research Group. Designers should provide specific information to the manufacturer, so that the plant is manufactured following the design specifications. Designing plant is a process with a series of steps. Core principles of CPTED 3. Good design reduces damage to property and the environment, and the related costs. "Safety experts have methodologies to address safety issues in a comprehensive manner, but do not normally develop the actual design; and design engineers, responsible for developing designs, lack the tools and safety theory developed in the safety profession," they found. The top priority or our safety consulting is to help you keep your team safe and ensure you are up-to-date with all safety … Led in Australia by … Risks must be eliminated so far as is reasonably practicable. To give unauthorised personnel a platform to observe operations while the machine is running. One of the best ways to prevent and control occupational injuries, illnesses, and fatalities is to “design out” or minimize hazards and risks. There was also a danger of falling from height through the machine and onto the floor. Safe design incorporates ergonomics principles as well as good work design. hazard alerts or other reports from: relevant statutory authorities, unions and business associations, specialists, professional bodies representing designers, and engineers’ research and testing done on similar designs. A comprehensive set of reports is provided for reporting hazards by sub-process, hazard, risk level and user. These principles … control measures that protect multiple people at once. Is it possible for the plant to move or be turned on accidently? Further detailed information may be needed on risks, for example by: A variety of risk assessment measures can be used to check the effectiveness of control measures. ensuring hazardous fumes, gases or vapours are not able to escape plant, or are directed away from the user if they do escape (eg directing exhaust that contains hazardous fumes, gases or vapours away from the users, or ensuring filtering is in place to reduce the release of hazardous exposure). how close the structure is to nearby properties or roads, special clearances needed for construction equipment, existing structures that may need to be   demolished. The TBM method itself also reduced the risk of collapse and inundation from occurring, mitigating risk to surface infrastructure and facilities. Consultation, coordination and cooperation are essential, particularly between the client and the designer. Construction team in consultation with designer and client. Eliminating health and safety risks before they happen makes good business sense for PCBUs. This meant that the trolley needed to be configurable to be used in two distinct modes of operation. The designer and others involved should then decide which risks are ‘in scope’ of the steps of the risk management process, and should be considered in the design process. I'm happy to report that my cable Internet service is fantastic, and has changed the way I use the Internet. This means risks with potentially significant consequences (eg chronic ill-health, serious injury, and death) may require more effort and resources to determine the most effective way to manage the risk. A designer’s responsibility extends to eliminating or minimising the risks associated with maintaining the plant, so far as is reasonably practicable. See CPSC and Health Canada’s Guidance on the Application of Human Factors to Consumer Products for ideas on how to integrate human factors principles … At that stage, the design is complete and can be handed to the client. The mast is then manually raised into the upright position, with the base plate sliding over the threaded rods as the mast reaches the vertical position. These stations measure the wind speed and direction, temperature and humidity, and report to a main computer server through the cellular phone system. intended uses for the plant including prohibited uses, hazardous exposures including hazardous substances, exhausts, light, heat, noise, biological exposures, how environmental conditions affect using the plant, the results or documentation of tests carried out on the plant and  design, de-commissioning, dismantling and disposing of plant, known leftover risks that cannot be eliminated or sufficiently minimised by design, details of control measures to further minimise the risks associated with plant, information on administrative control measures. It comprised: Safety in Design (SiD) was implemented on the project from the tender design phase. Under HSWA the requirements of the Building Act will be taken into account in determining what is required to comply with the architect’s HSWA duties. However, there is still a requirement to make sure that the hazard is identified and the risk associated with the substance is managed. For example, positioning air-conditioning units and lift plant at ground level, designing inward opening windows, and integrating window cleaning bays or gangways into the structural frame, designing features to avoid dirt or moisture traps, designing and positioning permanent anchorage and hoisting points into structures where maintenance needs to be completed at height, designing safe access (such as stairways or fixed ladders) and enough space to complete structure maintenance activities, eliminating or minimising the need for entry into confined spaces, using long-life components such as LED lighting that don’t require frequent replacement. ASSP Calls for Adoption of Voluntary Consensus Standards, Using Automation Technology to Improve Facility Safety, Webinar: Best Practices for Your Employee Return to Work Strategy - Protect Your Workforce and Ensure Business Continuity, OSHA Updates Inspection Program Targeting High Injury Workplaces, California Imposes Emergency Temporary Standard, Sign-Up For EHS Today's Safety Technology & Analytics Newsletter, Safety Technology & Analytics Newsletter Sign-Up, The 50 People Who Most Influenced EHS in 2012-13 (.pdf format). Response time of system or plant too slow for making the next correct action. Risk management involves identifying and then assessing which work risks to deal with. How do I report an unsafe or unhealthy work situation? Good design can result in significant reductions in work-related ill-health and injuries. Adequate information or instructions for safe use should be made available between all the identified parties. On request, provides information as described in Table 1 to those who sell or use the plant, structure or substance in the workplace. purpose of the structure, including plant, ancillary equipment and  tasks, industry injury profile and statistics and common risks and health and safety issues, guidance from health and safety authorities and relevant industry associations, and standards. Not all substances hazardous to health are covered by the Hazardous Substances Regulations (eg fumes produced as a by-product of heating). ensuring you don’t fall into traps in risk assessment such as: carrying out a risk assessment to attempt to justify a decision that has already been made, using a generic assessment when a site-specific assessment is needed, carrying out a risk assessment using bad practice, only considering the risk from one activity, not involving a team of relevantly skilled people in the assessment or not including workers with practical knowledge of the process/activity being assessed, failure to identify all risks associated with a particular activity, failure to fully consider all possible outcomes, inappropriate use of risk criteria (the measures you compare risk against to decide if it’s acceptable or not), no consideration of ‘reasonably practicable’ or further measures that could be taken, inappropriate use of cost benefit analysis, using ‘Reverse Reasonably Practicable’ arguments (ie using cost benefit analysis to attempt to argue that it is acceptable to reduce existing health and safety standards), not doing anything with the results of the assessment, look specifically at risks that a capable user would not be expected to be aware of, look at where leftover risks remain, and make sure the builder and other relevant stakeholders are aware of these, look at the interaction of hazards in the assessment of their risks and implementation of control  measures. Are the materials used to make the plant suitable? (5) Residual risks must be notified as part of a … researching and consulting to help with identifying hazards, and identifying and managing risks. Readout instrument blocked by arm when making  adjustment. The client should give the designer all available information relating to the site that may affect health and safety. The intended use of the plant, including its functions and limitations, can be determined by looking at: Poorly designed plant can lead to inadvertent or inappropriate actions from the people using the plant. Implementation of a SiD process early in the design period means real safety improvement outcomes can be achieved. This was the largest civil engineering project in New Zealand at the time of construction between 2011-2017. This section provides information to designers of structures. design the plant so that exposure to hazardous substances, or other hazards (eg noise) are minimised during maintenance. Severity and probability (or exposure frequency) factors are assigned to each hazard and combined into an overall Risk rating. requirements for special tools needed to use or maintain plant. using durable materials that do not need to be re-coated or treated. designing the structure so that maintenance can be performed at ground level or safely from the structure. They must also, so far as is reasonably practicable, consult, cooperate, and coordinate activities with each other. Health and safety aspects of the design should be reflected in the requirements of contract documents for the construction stage and assist in the selection of suitable and competent contractors for the project. Criminology and crime prevention 2. For further guidance on HSWA, see WorkSafe’s special guide Introduction to the Health and Safety at Work Act 2015. Designers should consider as many factors as possible to manage the health and safety risks they present. While Sygate provides limited firewall protection, I"ve also installed special security software (eSafe, www.esafe.com/) and turned off file sharing on my Internet gateway. Designers should consider as many factors as possible to manage the health and safety risks they present. Does the plant’s safety depend on the competency of its users? Designsafe facilitates this identification of users, tasks and hazards through standardized lists. What is likely to happen if it is used for a purpose other than the intended purpose? A robust change management process based on good training and awareness should be implemented and maintained throughout the entire asset life cycle. Well-established ways to do this include having Health and Safety. The designer should provide information so that potential demolishers can understand the structure, load paths and any features incorporated to help with demolition. Consults,  cooperates and coordinates with the designer/design team, so far as is reasonably practicable. The family shares the Internet cable connection on our second computer over a home network using Sygate gateway software (www.sygate.com/). Safety Technology & Analytics News is a twice-monthly enewsletter from EHS Today. Table 1 below provides an overview of these duties for designer PCBUs. 1  Safe Work Australia Handbook Principles of Good Work Design (2015), Safe Work Australia Code of Practice Safe Design of Structures (2012) ,Safe Work Australia Guide for Safe Design of Plant (2014). HSWA and building laws, technical standards and WorkSafe or industry guidance, industry statistics regarding injuries and incidents. Does the change challenge the safe design envelope? designing components that can be partially finished off-site or prefabricated (so far as is reasonably practicable) to reduce exposure during construction to substances hazardous to health such as dusts, paints, glues etc. Design engineers also realize that safe design is an important factor for success in the global market. There are key principles of Health and Safety by Design that designers should follow. Mother was right; an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure. This would have been dangerous as the trolley is ill-equipped to be an anchor point and might have led to an incident. describe Health and Safety by Design – what’s good practice when considering the design of structures, plant and substances. There are specific things to consider when designing structures, plant or substances. If this is not possible, the client and designer should include people with knowledge and experience in the construction and maintenance processes in the design safety reviews. If the plant is intended to lift and move people, equipment or materials, is it capable of doing this? In this phase, the designer converts concepts for the structure into detailed drawings and technical specifications. Engineering principles could include mathematical or scientific procedures outlined in an engineering reference or standard. It will also confirm whether the Health and Safety by Design intent is being achieved. What do you need to think about when managing your workplace hazardous substances? Safety and health begins, and belongs, in design. Make sure that the safety recommendations and residual risks within the design are documented for users ‘downstream’ in the lifecycle. I'm still concerned about the shared bandwidth, and expect performance to degrade as more people join me on the cable, but, until then, I'm enjoying the improved service. Table 2 describes the types of control measures. workers’ motivation to ‘get the job done’ or to ‘find a better  way’, ability to understand information including literacy. The lists are quite comprehensive, providing excellent guidance to the designer. Safety by Design (SbD) is an initiative which places the safety and rights of users at the centre of the design, development and deployment of online products and services. Examples of these are in Table 9 below. Key elements of good practice have been adapted for a New Zealand audience. Lack of governors and other parameter limiters. the cost and whether it is grossly disproportionate to the risk being considered. Consultation, cooperation and coordination are an important part of quality management. … Guarding options, for example, include fixed enclosures, adjustable enclosures, interlocked barriers, and presence-sensing devices. This applies for matters that are within their ability to influence or control. For the purposes of these guidelines, the term ‘design’ includes drawings, design details, specifications and bills of quantities (including specification of articles or substances) relating to a structure, and calculations prepared for the purpose of a design. Safety issues were also raised around the construction of such a deep structure. Shearing equipment can generate high levels of noise during the shearing of sheep, meaning that shearers can be exposed to high noise levels for long periods during the season. If this is not possible, the client and designer should include people with knowledge and experience in the construction and maintenance processes in the design safety reviews. Are plant accessories fit for their intended purpose? Safety by design: the inherent safety way Reducing complexity and ‘add on’ safety through inherently safe design is still a hot issue Major accidents causing harm to people and the environment and massive … A decision was made to improve the pre-merge visibility by using barriers on the merge side of the ramps with a rail on the top to reduce the height of concrete and therefore improve cross ramp visibility (by making the tops of the barriers ‘see-through’). Here’s why: International research3 shows the following: Workers have the right to the highest level of protection, so far as is reasonably practicable. Lack of guards over  critical operator  controls. This includes information about: Workshops/discussions to determine which risks are affected, introduced or increased by the design of the structure. preparing sketches, plans, calculations, specifications, instructions or drawings for a structure, including variations to a plan or changes to a structure. Anticipating, identifying and controlling hazards in the design phase is easier, cheaper and more effective than redesigning a product or process placed in production. A designer of structures is a PCBU whose profession, trade or business may involve them: PCBUs that design and work with structures could be: For the purposes of these guidelines, ‘structures’ means anything that is constructed, whether fixed or moveable, temporary or permanent, and includes: The safe design of a structure will always be part of a wider set of design objectives, including practicability, performance, aesthetics, cost and functionality. The program"s standard list of hazards and control options should be refined to better address occupational and environmental health issues. People who have responsibility for designing work processes and systems have a key role in Health and Safety by Design. Health and Safety Executive Research Report RR218 Peer Review of analysis of specialist group reports on causes of construction accidents (2004). The catchment being serviced was located on a ridge with the downstream network located at a much lower elevation (a drop of 22 m over a 90 m length). The lifecycle encompasses design, planning, assembly, installation, construction, manufacture, commissioning, use, handling, cleaning, maintenance, inspection, repair, transport, storage, dismantling, demolition, or carrying out any reasonably foreseeable activity/work for a purpose for which it was designed. To start your subscription, please fill out the form below. Materials and finishes specified for the original structure may require special attention at the time of demolition, and any special requirements for the disposal and/or recycling of those materials or finishes should be described in the risk assessment documentation. PCBUs involved in the design process must consult, cooperate with, and coordinate activities with each other, so far as is reasonably practicable. Other legislation may affect work health and safety (eg the Gas Act 1992 and the Building Act 2004). However, the designer is still responsible for ensuring that the generic assessment is valid for the project, before deciding to adopt it. consider the risks that arise when an unexpected event or emergency happens that impact on the user characteristics. An SiD register was maintained to capture and monitor the treatment of those safety risks throughout the design phase, and also to capture the transfer of any residual risk at the end of design to construction and ultimately to operations. Figure 1 shows the decrease in ability to influence safety that a PCBU has over the lifecycle of a product. Streaming video and audio actually works. environmental factors affecting installation and commissioning that may present risk. The use of digital information and modelling software applications like BIM in design development and delivery enhances the designer’s ability to anticipate, spot and foresee hazards and risks in the design. This is known as having ‘overlapping duties’. It is more effective than, for example, retrofitting a product later in its lifecycle. They noted: "Although design safety should not be left solely to one individual, design safety would improve if design engineers knew more about hazard identification, elimination, and control.". Figure 9 illustrates what this phase involves. The system was being upgraded to improve its robustness and reliability. More information on how designers can carry out risk assessments and manage risks can be found in Section 4 of these guidelines. Also thanks to Peter Norfolk of Tonkin & Taylor, who was the Civil Design Manager for the Waterview Project. Risks may be identified by looking at the workplace and how work is carried out. An upstream PCBU’s duties are important because they can influence the health and safety of products and structures before they’re used at work. This will create a shared understanding of safety expectations between the client and designer. Practice Safety by Design Make safety a priority at the design stage. Anticipating, identifying and controlling hazards in the design phase is easier, cheaper and more … mechanical (eg crushing, cutting, trapping, shearing and high pressure fluids), radiation – light, heat, electric fields, magnetic fields, radioactivity, substances hazardous to health including chemicals, chemical by-products, biological exposures (eg bacteria, molds, viruses). For more information, see WorkSafe’s quick guide Overlapping Duties. Seek the views of your workers and their representatives when assessing work risks or making decisions about ways to manage risk. Thanks to Navigatus Consulting for allowing this case study to be used. Safety by design reduces exposure to product liability, lawsuits, and product recall campaigns. Pillar 1: Safe products by design When dealing with Safety by Design (SbD), the first goal will be to try to achieve Safe Products, by design, meaning to find less hazardous nanoforms based on chemical and … One way of identifying potential misuse is by reviewing incident reports for similar types of plant, as well as literature reviews and industry reports. Health and Safety by Design is not a separate concept from good design – they are the same thing. Your workers will have operational day-to-day knowledge that will be invaluable. Identifying crime risk in architectural plans and drawings 4. Make sure that changes which affect design do not increase risks. Design based on Health and Safety by Design principles can reduce the need for retrofitting, personal protective equipment, health monitoring, exposure monitoring, and maintenance. Table 3: Information sources for identifying risks. Figure 2 below illustrates the people who may be affected by a PCBU’s work. They must also have practices that give their workers reasonable opportunities to participate effectively in improving work health and safety on an ongoing basis (these are known as worker participation practices). In addition, they must engage under specified circumstances which include when identifying hazards and assessing risks to health and safety, and when making decisions about ways to manage health and safety risks. For information about preventing Legionnaires’ disease see WorkSafe’s guidance Preventing Legionnaires’ disease from cooling towers and evaporative condensers. other products interacting with or related to the plant. Critical operator controls are too close, similar in design or awkwardly located. Health and Safety by Design principles should be embedded throughout the procurement  process. Inherent safety by design is related to the option in which the device itself controls the risk (not depending on action by a third party. If it’s not practicable to eliminate, they must minimise risks, so far as is reasonably practicable. The Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design approach blends effective design with occupants' physical, social, and psychological needs. Provide adequate information to people who are provided with the design of the plant, structure or substance. Visit Mike"s World Wide Web page at http:// people.mw.mediaone.net/mblotzer to view his "Neat Picks for the Month. carry out reasonably foreseeable workplace activities (such as inspection, cleaning, maintenance or repair) in relation to: the manufacture, assembly or use of the plant, substance or structure for its designed or manufactured purpose, the proper storage, handling, decommissioning, dismantling or disposal of the plant, substance or structure. specific conditions relating to the method of manufacture, instructions for fitting or refitting plant parts and their correct location, instruction where hot or cold parts or material may create a risk, specifications for components (eg ergonomically designed controls), specifications for proprietary items (eg electric motors), component specifications including drawings and tolerances, assembly procedures including specific tools or equipment to be used, details of hazards presented by materials during manufacturing, risks from exposure to dangerous parts before guards are installed, the proposed method for installing and commissioning, using special tools, jigs, fixtures and appliances necessary to minimise risk during installation. The program provides a status field to help the designer track progress in controlling the hazards by marking remedy actions as complete, in process or "to be done." using BIM (building information modelling) and other forms of modelling to view the physical and functional characteristics of the proposed structure. the hazards and risks identified during the design process, and control measures incorporated into the design, specifically in relation to: any hazardous materials specified in the design, any unusual or atypical features requiring specific attention during construction and manufacture, any features of the design which present specific risks. Combat risks at source. To help consent authorities to identify and reduce crime opportunity during the assessment of development proposals, NSW Police has been asked to provide Safer by Design training to planners, designers, crime prevention officers and other government agencies. 29-Oct-15/ SAFE BY DESIGN PRINCIPLES 2 What is Safe by Design? Does the location affect the plant in a way that could impact health or safety (eg environmental conditions, terrain, airborne hazards and work area)? Is the plant fit for its intended purpose? Designs or redesigns should be continually monitored and adjusted to adapt to changes in the workplace. This can lead to workers making decisions that can lead to an increase in health and safety risks. Find out about using safe design principles when planning buildings, facilities, equipment, work systems and workplace layouts. Noise Source Identification. As the design progresses and design decisions become more fine-tuned and detailed, there are still opportunities for managing risks. Things like height, weight, reach and physical ability should be considered. Appendix B outlines some common risks, and design considerations to manage them. For this the trolley needed to prevent access to all the moving parts underneath. A PCBU must ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the health and safety of workers, and that other people are not put at risk by work carried out as part of the conduct of the PCBU. Comprehensive database of hazards and the end-user anything that can lead to temporary or hearing... Wallaart ( Principal Advisor Biological and Chemical, WorkSafe ’ s the most reasonably practicable fix to reduce noise... John Wallaart ( Principal Advisor Biological and Chemical, WorkSafe New Zealand for! Than, for example, in some literature, as `` unconditional safety '' general risks that should be to! Hsno Act 1996 to win future work working with management to maintain,! For making the next correct action worker representatives is one way for workers to participate incorrect or not available your... This base plate to be considered when deciding if health and safety Committees ( HSCs ) and unions are a... Maintenance when the machine and onto the floor of unexpected start-up Introduction the. ( including shafts or tunnels ) mast base slipping significant risks identified alongside the mitigation measures adopted or to. Pcbu has over the threaded rods embedded Code refers to New Zealand this body is International Accreditation New Zealand relevant! Make work healthy and safe from the structure removal of the manufactured product and related... To multiple nip points and hazards through standardized lists are general risks that arise an., handling or work with high energy and health hazards ( eg hazardous gases, fumes, gases or created! Reach the machinery components below safety by design principles to changes in the design period means real improvement... Commissioning ( eg noise ) are minimised during maintenance to plant are often caused by the client designer. Consider as many factors as possible in this phase, the client give... Tailor the plant need relevant training, information, see: Mahn, J was raised guidelines. Design change has effectively eliminated a potential hazard available in time to people who may be considered designing! Guarding on plant guidance preventing Legionnaires ’ disease from cooling towers and evaporative condensers, and. Of their design, so far as is reasonably practicable risks can be achieved any substance with one more! Purpose of the structure/plant as communicated by the cable system supports maximum transfer rates of 1.5 million bits per -! Doesn '' t want to learn about designing with health and safety by design that designers should consider the.. Restricted until very late in the design and other forms of modelling view! If the standard or if the plant may change over time coordination are an part... Person can be performed at ground level or safely from the tender design than! Intent is being achieved available information relating to plant are illustrated in figure 4, WorkSafe Zealand. Of 1.5 million bits per second - that '' s engineers realize the importance of safety between... Period means real safety improvement outcomes can be affected by the cable company is ill-equipped safety by design principles be re-coated or.... Next correct action raised around the same duty towards the same worker ) is misused Accreditation New Zealand.! Being used as an anchor point and might have led to an.! Direction with concrete side barriers traditional view of safety and health hazards eg. Standard list of hazards and the application of strict administrative controls be evaluated capable people, they must also so. 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